Medical microbiology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Clinical microbiology - Assignment Example (ii) The most ordinarily utilized stain for the gastric biopsy for the discovery of H. pylori is the changed giemsa stain. Segments of the biopsy in a patient with gastritis would show epithelial harm and a summed up decline in the thickness of the bodily fluid layer. Disintegrated regions of the stomach coating would likewise show the nearness of white platelets, for example, lymphocytes and neutrophils. A haematoxylin and eosin stain of an individual with interminable gastritis would show polymorphonuclear leucocytes meddling into the covering of the bodily fluid organ. Helicobacter pylori lives profound into the coating of the stomach divider, and as the polymorphonuclear cell can only with significant effort arrive at the site of disease, they discharge superoxide radicals which harms the stomach lining. A methylene blue stain of the segment would recolor the H. pylori microscopic organisms blue and would present as little bend formed, winding microbes in the bodily fluid coverin g. (iii) 13C urea breath test is a precise, non-intrusive, basic test that can create results inside 20 minutes. Helicobacter pylori produces urease catalyst which frames the premise of 13C urea breath test. The patient is given a non-radioactive 13C urea to drink, which is separated into smelling salts and bicarbonate by the urease protein in Helicobacter pylori. Bicarbonate particles separate into Carbon dioxide and water in the acidic condition of the stomach. The 13C isotope containing carbondioxide is ingested into the circulation system and taken to the lungs to be terminated. Readings are taken of the lapsed air and the outcomes are sent to the lab for Mass connection spectrometry to be performed and levels of 13CO2 are resolved, which are equivalent with the nearness of Helicobacter pylori. (iv) A triple routine treatment is encouraged to the patient, which comprises of a proton siphon inhibitor (for example omeprazole) and two anti-infection agents (for example amoxicillin,

The Relationship between Drugs and Crime

The Relationship among Drugs and Crime Medications: their utilization, abuse and associations with wrongdoing In this exposition I might want to contend that the investigation of wrongdoing and medication use is mind boggling. There are various differing factors that lead individuals to abuse sedates; these are a blend of social, mental and financial variables. Age and sexual orientation are noteworthy measurably however deficient research has been completed to investigate these issues completely. In this thesis we will consider how individuals gain a physical and mental reliance on drugs. We will take a gander at the weight that can be put upon helpless people by useless families and friend pressure. Different components that will be investigated are whether character attributes or genetic variables assume a noteworthy job in medicate abuse and any resulting criminal conduct. It is additionally certain that there is a relationship among's wrongdoing and medication taking however again this connection isn't obvious. It will be important to consider if there are factors that incline individuals to degenerate conduct and medication abuse or on the off chance that one factor prompts another, and if so in what bearing. We will consider at some length what is being done to ‘police’ tranquilize wrongdoing and reason that albeit much is being done it is a troublesome and developing region, requiring the intercession of specific wrongdoing organizations, for example, the Serious and Organized Crime Agency (SOCA). We will close by looking at that as significantly more research should be done to help comprehend this unpredictable issue however that there are various territories where valuable ventures could be made. The first is in the arrangement of progressively gifted individuals to go about as medications guides, so as to assist lower with requesting for drugs; the second is to co-work with worldwide bodies in shaping approach to battle the worldwide medications business and co-work globally with requirement organizations; the third is for authorization offices in this nation to act in association with one another and outside offices to help upset the gracefully of medications by evacuating its provider and their cash and lessening request by helping drug-clients to battle their compulsion. Just when every one of these measures are followed up on will any critical progress be made in the ‘war on drugs’. Definitions Before we leave on our investigations, I might want to characterize how I will utilize the term tranquilizes in this exposition; I plan to characterize medicates as psychoactive medications; this is any concoction that ‘alters recognitions and conduct by changing cognizant awareness’. Notwithstanding, I will avoid recreational medications that are acknowledged by society, especially liquor. The purpose behind this is to empower me to accomplish a firmly engaged contention inside the restrictions of the word check. There is a lot of research on liquor misuse; quite a bit of it reflects the abuse of different medications, in any case, there are some huge contrasts, which would expand out the contention to an extreme. In this exposition we will confine ourselves to drugs that are outside of society’s endorsement. The medications we will consider in this work fall into four classifications: depressants, energizers, sedatives and drugs. The depressants incorporate liquor, barbiturates and solvents. Energizers work by expanding the transmission of nerve driving forces in the cerebrum; they incorporate cocaine, MDMA (otherwise called ‘ecstasy’), and amphetamines. The following gathering of medications, sedatives have been known since the hour of the old Sumerians; in 4000BC they named the plant that delivered pitch from its unripe seedpods, the poppy. From this gum come the sedative medications. These discourage neural working, smother physical sensation and reactions to incitement, which is the reason the codeine and morphine forms of this medication are utilized as significant painkillers. Stimulants are the last gathering and contain LSD, PCP and cannabis. In this paper, when we have thought about what drives at first to medicate use and abuse, we will take a gander at the connection among medications and wrongdoing. I have characterized above what I mean by drugs, I’d now prefer to characterize what mean by wrongdoing. Such a definition isn't anything but difficult to set up. There is recognizable distinction between the definition made by an exploration clinician and a legal advisor; one has a profoundly conceptualized definition, the other a legitimate one. In this paper, I will utilize Glen Walters meaning of wrongdoing. In his book Drugs and Crime in Lifestyle Perspective, he characterizes it as ‘a decide breaking conduct that, whenever known to legitimate specialists, would bring about the standard breaker’s being accused of a criminal offense deserving of law’. Size of medication issue It's anything but a simple undertaking to precisely record what number of individuals take these types of medications all the time. A National Survey on Drug Use and Health, attempted in the United States in 2003, uncovered that an expected 3.7 million individuals had utilized heroin sooner or later in their life. It additionally uncovered that 119,000 had utilized heroin in the month prior to the overview. It is maybe reassuring that the British Crime Survey uncovers that medication taking in this nation among 16 to 24 years olds has diminished since 1998, in spite of the fact that it has expanded in individuals structure 16to 59. A United Nations report, distributed in 2005, evaluated that 200million individuals, or around 5% of the world’s populace, aged15-64, have utilized medications in the most recent year. Whichever figure is right, the quantity of individuals who misuse drugs is enormous. As far as the criminal side of wrongdoing, this is an inexorably troublesome issue to manage. The unlawful market for drugs is massive, which pulls in the consideration of enormous composed wrongdoing gatherings. All things considered, managing this difficult will be a significant piece of the work done by the new Serious and Organized Crime Agency. A significant zone that should be taken a gander at is the manner by which to disturb the progression of medications into the nation; this will be an intricate endeavor. Utilizing Cocaine for instance, the medication starts in Latin America, primarily Columbia. Its at that point taken first to an auxiliary nation, for example, Spain, Portugal or West Africa, lastly channeled into the UK through France, Belgium or the Netherlands. In spite of the fact that, Jamaica, the Caribbean Island nearest to Latin America, which additionally has a critical worker network in England, gives a more straightforward course into this nation for drugs. Obviously, this implies the Immigration and Customs and Excise divisions additionally have a significant part to play in policing this ‘industry’. The structure of the contention In section one we will take a gander at the physical, mental and natural factors that lead to habit of oppressive substances. In section two I will think about whether there is a connection among compulsion and wrongdoing; we will likewise consider the ramifications of the illicit medications advertise on policing. In part three I will talk about the anticipation systems that exist. At long last, I will finish up by clarifying that in spite of the fact that it is conceivable to arrive at certain resolutions in our examination, it is hard to reach a complete resolution because of the measure of research material and its complex and regularly conflicting nature. Part 1: The street to medicate use and abuse Presentation In this section we will consider the elements that lead to sedate use and abuse. We will consider how perspectives when all is said in done concerning drug use have changed and how this has prompted a more prominent acknowledgment of taking medicine. We will likewise consider the mental components that could add to an individual initially falling prey to sedate use. There is proof that financial components might be critical and we will investigate this thought; we will incorporate a thought of the inexorably refined ‘marketing’ techniques utilized by the dealers of unlawful medications. At long last, we will infer that in spite of the fact that there is a lot of data regarding the matter of why individuals start ingesting medications we will see that it is hard to reach an inference from the data accessible. We can't offer ends just assumptions. Changing perspectives to drugs Individuals have been utilizing drugs for significantly longer than it has been viewed as an issue. Tammy Salah proposes that medication use has been common since old occasions (Salah, p6). In any case, critical significant changes have happened in the example of medication taking over the most recent four decades. During the 1950s not many individuals enjoyed any type of medication, other than liquor or cigarettes, in any case, this circumstance has bit by bit changed until we have become a medication utilizing society. Various reasons have been recommended for this change. Some have recommended that the expansion in consuming medications for restorative purposes changed people’s general demeanor towards ingesting medications; as they obtained the discernment that a pill could fix physical issues and psychological sickness, they acknowledged the likelihood that a pill could be utilized to counter different issues; others upheld the possibility that in the 1960sand 70s individuals, especially Americans, were investigating new ways of life, many had an expanded measure of relaxation time and searched for new exercises to fill them, one of those approaches to fill the additional hours squander recreational utilization of medications. Streets to dependence This expansion in medicate misuse prompted issues with enslavement as individuals obtained a physical reliance on these substances. Step by step, subsequent to taking the medication for quite a while, an individual obtained a resistance, so required increasingly more of it to accomplish a similar impact. They additionally arrived at a phase where discontinuance of the medication in the framework prompted horrendous withdrawal indications. At this stage they are said to have obtained physical reliance on the medication. In any case, this isn't the main type of reliance that can emerge; it is additionally conceivable to get a mental reliance. This can happen especially if a medication is utilized to diminish uneasiness; despite the fact that no physical reliance happens, the sentiment of being without nervousness is addictive, which makes the medication addictive

Oxazepam Use, Side Effects, Cautions, and Withdrawal

Oxazepam Use, Side Effects, Cautions, and Withdrawal Bipolar Disorder Treatment Medications Print How Oxazepam (Serax) Is Used for Anxiety By Marcia Purse Marcia Purse is a mental health writer and bipolar disorder advocate who brings strong research skills and personal experiences to her writing. Learn about our editorial policy Marcia Purse Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Daniel B. Block, MD on January 30, 2020 twitter linkedin Daniel B. Block, MD, is an award-winning, board-certified psychiatrist who operates a private practice in Pennsylvania. Learn about our Medical Review Board Daniel B. Block, MD Updated on February 16, 2020 BSIP/UIG/Getty Images More in Bipolar Disorder Treatment Medications Symptoms Diagnosis In This Article Table of Contents Expand Side Effects Precautions Safety Compared to Other Benzodiazepines During Pregnancy and Nursing Withdrawal View All Back To Top The medication oxazepam (brand name Serax, among others) is used for short-term relief of anxiety, tension, agitation, and irritability. Its also used to treat anxiety associated with depression and alcohol withdrawal and cocaine withdrawal.?? Oxazepam is an older medication, having first been marketed in 1965. Since its been around so long, its available almost exclusively as a generic drugâ€"brand name versions like Serax are difficult or impossible to find. However, the generic versions of the medication should work as well as prescription versions. Oxazepam works slowly compared to other benzodiazepine drugs. Oxazepam is a benzodiazepine. As with all medications in that class of drugs, you can become addicted if you use the drug too frequently or for too long. Benzodiazepines: Addiction and Dependence Side Effects As with all prescription drugs, oxazepam has potential side effects, some of which may be serious. The most common side effect seen with the use of oxazepam is drowsiness or lethargy, especially when you first start to take the medication. If this is too big a problem or lasts for more than a few days, talk to your doctor about reducing your dosage (which almost always solves the problem). Less common side effects of oxazepam include:?? HeadacheTremorSwellingDizziness or lightheadednessVertigo (trouble with balance or the sensation that the room is spinning)Slurred speechNauseaChanges in your sex drive Benzodiazepines Uses, Indications, and Side Effects Precautions When starting oxazepam, you shouldnt drive or perform any other potentially hazardous activities until you know how you will react to the medication (and even then you should practice caution). Combining oxazepam with alcohol, opioid medications, or other substances that depress the central nervous system could result in serious complications, even death due to suppression of the breathing center in the brain.?? How Depressants Affect the Central Nervous System Those with a history of psychosis should not be prescribed oxazepam.?? Likewise, the medication should be avoided in anyone with a history of addictive behavior. An exception, of course, is when the medication is used for alcohol withdrawal symptoms. When oxazepam is used for alcohol, cocaine, or other substance abuse withdrawal, a person should be closely monitored for the duration of the time the medication is used. Benzodiazepines, including oxazepam, should also be avoided entirely in the elderly and in people with dementia.?? Safety Compared to Other Benzodiazepines Oxazepam is significantly safer in terms of toxicity than either Librium (chlordiazepoxide) or Valium (diazepam), two other benzodiazepines.?? Commonly used doses of oxazepam are less likely than equivalent doses of other benzodiazepines to cause dangerous side effects. During Pregnancy and Nursing Because other drugs in the benzodiazepine family have been shown to cause birth defects, you should not take oxazepam while pregnant.?? If you accidentally become pregnant while taking it, talk to your doctor. This medication should be stopped as soon as possible in pregnancy, but due to the possibility of withdrawal, this should only be done under the guidance of your physician. Oxazepam will pass through into your breast milk,?? and therefore should not be used by nursing mothers unless you and your doctor decide the expected benefit of the drug outweighs the risk to the baby. Withdrawal Abrupt discontinuation of oxazepam or any other benzodiazepine, especially after extended therapy, can cause mild to severe withdrawal effects.?? For those who have been using oxazepam for some time, withdrawal can be very serious, and even fatal. Because of this problem, you should try to use the medication for as little time as possible, and discuss with your doctor how to taper your dosage off gradually. Never discontinue the drug suddenly. How Long Do Benzodiazepines Stay in Your System? Bottom Line Oxazepam can be a useful medication for the acute treatment of anxiety or alcohol withdrawal, and since it may have fewer side effects than some of the other benzodiazepines, may be a good choice in certain circumstances. At the same time, its important to understand that benzodiazepines are strong medications with a potential for abuse and serious side effects, both due to the side effects of the drug alone or in combination with other drugs, and due to withdrawal side effects when it is discontinued.

How far do the The Drovers Wife and Squeakers Mate question traditional gender binaries Free Essay Example, 2000 words

How far do the ‘The Drover’s Wife’ and ‘Squeaker’s Mate’ question traditional gender binaries? Introduction Gender binary refers to the division of the world into aspects that can be regarded as either masculine or feminine. The masculine aspects relate to men while the feminine aspects tend to relate to women. Gender binaries connote that men and women have many differences, yet at the same time they can be regarded as having many commonalities. The gender divisions with regard to gender binaries can be with regard to a number of aspects. This paper will look into how the Squeaker’s Mate and the Drover’s Wife question traditional gender binaries. How the ‘The Drover’s Wife’ and ‘Squeaker’s Mate’ question traditional gender binaries The two stories question the gender parity that existed between men and women in the traditional Australian society. In â€Å"The Drover’s Wife†, the hardships faced by the women in Australia are discussed by the author. According to Lawson, the Australian society glorifies men, but the women are left to suffer and they cannot address the difficulties they face. However, Lawson portrays women as people who play crucial roles in society. We will write a custom essay sample on How far do the The Drovers Wife and Squeakers Mate question traditional gender binaries or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

The Central Problems Of International Politics - 1721 Words

ne of the central problems of international politics is that of cooperation or lack of cooperation. Though, cooperation is not always possible or a welcome idea when it comes to states making decisions. Creating and claiming value are two of the most fundamental aspects of negotiation strategy that exist, but there is tension with one another. In any negotiation, the delegates need to decide which course of action to take whether that be competitive, cooperative, or some of both. David Lax and James Sebenius call this the negotiator s dilemma. It is similar to the prisoners dilemma in game theory, because this is a way of using rational choice and strategic thinking to describe situations. In a book written by D. Lax and J. Sebenius The Manager as Negotiator: The Negotiator s Dilemma: Creating and Claiming Value, the authors argue that negotiation includes both cooperative and competitive elements, and that these elements exist in tension. The dilemma in this situation is in deciding whether to pursue a cooperative or a competitive strategy. The authors suggest several strategies to resolve this dilemma, and how to encourage cooperative approaches to creating mutually beneficial outcomes. Conflict analysts tend to view negotiations either as a matter of cooperating to create value, or as a matter of competing to claim values. In the value-creating view, negotiators work primarily to increase the available resources, to find joint gains or win-win solutions,Show MoreRelatedEssay on Hungary Economic Crisis1672 Words   |  7 Pages(BEA910M) 6 August 2012 Contents Executive Summary 3 Problem Identification and Analysis 3 Floating of the Currency (Forint) 3 A shift to the Right 3 Feud with the IMF 4 Crisis Taxes 4 Renationalisation of Pensions 4 Governance 5 Monetary Policy and Central Bank Independence 5 The Media Law 5 Loophole Legislating 5 Statement of Key Problems 5 Hungary had two major problems, namely: 5 Political Climate 6 A Shift to the RightRead MoreRealism And Liberalism In International Relations1610 Words   |  7 PagesA theory of international relations is a set of the ideas that explains how the international system works and how its operated. Unlike an ideology, a theory of international relations would at least be in principle, backed up with a large amount of concrete evidence. 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Dbq- Scientific Revolution Free Essays

DBQ – The Scientific Revolution The Scientific Revolution of the sixteen and seventeenth century were affected greatly from the contributions of the opposing voice and ideas of the Church and their disagreement with the uprising of scientific studies. Despite the rejection from the Church, the Scientific Revolution was heavily influenced by those in society who felt differently, and believed the benefits the Scientific Revolution would bring. This view however, was unequally agreed in when it came to the view of it politically. We will write a custom essay sample on Dbq- Scientific Revolution or any similar topic only for you Order Now Still during the sixteenth and seventeenth century, religious and the Church played a great role in the ways of people. Till the time of the Scientific Revolution, many things were not questioned, but once scientists began to question the traditional beliefs, many people of the church were outraged and spoke openly against it. Even people like Copernicus, who was the great contributor to the heliocentric idea, denied himself and submitted to the church even dedicating a part of his book to Pope III which showed his fear and actions in pleasing the pope to avoid condemnation. doc. 1) His situation greatly exemplified how the Scientific Revolution although was growing but many times stunted because of fear from the disapproval from the Church. Italian monk Giovanni Ciampoli also expressed his disapproval in a letter to Galileo stating with much urgency that the nature of the world should just be left alone for the Scripture to explain it and that man should not go about their ways to r eason why. (doc. 3) Similar to Copernicus, Walter Charleton a English doctor and natural philosopher who studied the balance of science and religious. He makes it clear that science is only possible with religion. Although he does not completely push the idea of scientific studies, he does believe it is only possible with the power of God. (doc. 8) The conclusion as you interpret out of Charleton is that no matter what man upholds through science or ideas are not sufficient enough to differ or oppose what God determines it to be. The views of secular people and society also bought about significant influence upon the Scientific Revolution, but just on the other side of the scale. Francis Bacon, a English philosopher of science made it evident in his advocacy of science. In fact, in the document, he expresses his eagerness of the goal people need to bring achievement in human society. (doc. 4) The document shows that despite the lack of support from the church was given, many people chose to stray away tradition and venture out into new ideas. Another document that poses the same suggestion as Bacon as to improving the community of scientific studies was that of Henry Oldenbury, Secretary of the English Royal Society in his letter to Johannes Hevelius. Oldenbury emphasizes the need in cooperation, and that scientists shouldn’t just focus on one’s study, put into consideration with the studies of others to develop the education of science. (doc. 6) Oldenbury in saying â€Å"friendship among learned men is a great aid to the investigation and elucidation of the truth† only shows him hinting that a society of scientist should be raised. Both Bacon and Oldenbury were men during the seventeenth century who viewed science as a way to improve and enhance society, but others had a different view. Margaret Cavendish’s Observations on Experimental, shows her demand in questioning why women were not allowed to be a part of the revolution and contribute as men could, and her willingness in building upon the study of natural philosophy of women if she were allowed. (doc. 9) Her partake show’s that the influences of the Scientific Revolution did not solely come from different men of different social communities, but it had even spread to the other gender, which shows involvement. Political figures serve as a voice and power of the people in their society. In this case, politics took a great part in the uprise of the Scientific Revolution. Document 5 is a letter from French monk Marin Mersenne to his noble patron in which he asks for the approval of his patron on his statements based on his experiments. His letter expresses a sense of meekness and humbleness Mersenne has for his patrons. He feels pressure in doing things correctly for his patrons, and is hindered from sharing what he has experimented on without winning the approval from his patrons. The power of political figures still remained throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth century, which from this document, shows how some studies were hindered because of the political authority. Political influences on scientific studies included personal beliefs on how scientific research should be controlled and suppressed. Thomas Hobbes, an English philosopher believed that any scientific findings that would interfere with the authority of rulers should be rid of. (doc. 7) Hobbes, a strong believer in an absolute monarch emphasized the power of rulers to overpower the research of scientists. Unlike other documents, the depiction of the drawing that commemorated Louis XIV’s visit to the French Royal Academy, although not a very reliable source still portrayed how Louis XIV’s support in the scientific studies. Since a ruler takes up such a huge part in a country, the people of the country, in this case France, would naturally follow in the steps of their ruler. Louis XIV from this painting would’ve initiated a message that showed The work of scientists were affected by religious, social, and political ideas and influences in the sixteenth and seventeenth century. All these affected in ways that encouraged the study of science, while others felt that all scientific research should be stopped and suppressed. How to cite Dbq- Scientific Revolution, Essay examples

Dell Supply Chain Analysis free essay sample

Dell’s Position in PC market Service level: high customization, etc Competitive Strategy: Dell chooses the customers who prioritize Variety: high product variety Quality: reasonable quality Price: reasonable price Lead time: approximately one week Implied Demand Uncertainty Impact of customer needs on implied demand uncertainty Conclusion: The competitive strategy in meet high variety and service level contribute to Dell’s high implied demand uncertainty. Dell SC Capabilities 1. Facilities 2. Inventory 3. Transportation 4. Information 5. Sourcing 6. Pricing 7. Customer service Facilities †¢ Location: Regional approach, suppliers’ facilities built next to door †¢ Capacity: Lowest raw material shipping time, perform intended functions, little excess capacity will be more efficient per unit; high-utilization facility difficult to respond to demand fluctuations , customer could conveniently send orders via internet and telephone. Summary: Dell’s facilities strategy reduce inbound shipping time, and the logistics cost, and increase service level. Inventories †¢ Safety Inventory: on-site inventories to copy with the next few hours of orders †¢ Seasonal Inventory: Level of Product Availability(time): High Level and just-in-time Delivery 4 days across the entire operation Summary: Dell’s low inventories strategy minimizes inventory and overstock, therefore it could meet customer high variety by quickly transferring to latest products. Transportation †¢ Leave it to the Suppliers †¢ Design of Transportation Network: Air Networks mostly in Asian Market: Shanghai, Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong †¢ Choice of Transportation Mode: Summary: Dell’s transportation strategy could minimize the production lead time, and also could provide high service level by shipping products directly to customers’ home. Information †¢ Push Versus Pull †¢ Coordination and Information Sharing †¢ Forecasting and Aggregate Planning: how to make and to what extent to rely on †¢ Enabling Technologies: EDI, Internet, Extranet, B2Bi Summary: Shared Information strategies could realize supply continuity. Thereby it could meet the high customization and product availability. Sourcing †¢ In-house or Outsource †¢ Supplier Selection: 50 suppliers †¢ Procurement: Consolidated supply, 80% of procurements to ensure low transaction costs Summary: Stringent supplier selection criterion could increase product availability, and reduce supply uncertainty. Pricing Customer Service †¢ Pricing – Eliminating the by distributors and retails as well as the added value; – Pricing is not Dell’s main strategy, but Dell provides a reasonable price with good quality. †¢ Customer Service – Customer orders conveniently via phone and internet; – Shipping the products to customers’ home; – Service Center is dedicated in Dell’s brands. Summary: Dell’s strategies in pricing and customer service could provide products with high service level and reasonable price. Responsive Supply Chain Supply chain responsiveness includes a supply chains ability to do the following (Chopra Meindl, 2010): †¢ Respond to wide ranges of quantities demanded †¢ Meet short lead times †¢ Handle a large variety of products †¢ Build highly innovative products †¢ Meet a high service level †¢ Handle supply uncertainty Conclusion: Dell realize a supply chain with high variety, service level, and flexible to hand supply uncertainty, Dell supply chain is high responsive. The responsiveness spectrum Somewhat Somewhat efficient responsive Dell: Highly responsive Highly efficient Why it works well . Facilities 2. Inventory Service level: high customization, etc 3. Transportation Variety: high variety 4. Information Quality: Reasonable quality 5. Sourcing Price: Reasonable price Lead time: approximately one week 6. Pricing 7. Customer service Strategic Fit Why it works well High implied Uncertainty VS. Responsive SC Strategic FitIntercompany Interfunctional Scope †¢ †¢ †¢ Dell SC considered different functions inside the company; Dell SC considered different stages; The intercompany interfunctional scope could obtain the maximize profitability. Suppliers Dell Customer Intercompany Interfunctional Scope Competitive Strategy high [variety, customization, service level], reasonable [price, quality, lead time]. Supply Chain Strategy Build facilities next to Dell plant floor; Managing manufacturing per Dell MRP forecast; Ensuring freights were last loaded in order to be unloaded first. Build to order; Lowest inventory; No distributors and retailers; Shipping to customer home, etc. Online sales; Sharing MRP forecast, order flow, Inventory with suppliers, etc Direct contacting with customer Ordering computers on line; Customizing the computers. Information Strategy MS Strategy FA strategy Tight cash flow Limitations of Direct Model †¢ Time: – Relative long lead time for customers(one week); †¢ Cost: – Suppliers’ next to door facilities increase suppliers’ cost; – High delivery cost, especially for rural areas; †¢ Service Level: – Complex and time-consuming after sale service; – Low inventories may impact in production continuity; – Lack of first hand experience before buying; †¢ Variety – Limited diversity due to Dell’s commitment to Intel; †¢ Innovation – Less innovative, relying on suppliers’ intellectual property. Challenges in Emerging Markets †¢ Printers and TVs markets – Difficulties to make outsourcing printers work seamlessly with dell’s products; – Less innovative; – Competitors start to sell online; †¢ New geographic markets – More expensive than other competitors in low-end products; – Customers dislike to buy on the phone or internet; – Expensive cost in delivery, service and support in rural areas; – Limited diversity and higher cost due to Dell’s commitment to Intel; – inability to serve all market needs due to limited vendors; – Requirement for better information and communication technology. Proposals for Dell †¢ Printers and TVs markets – More innovative; – More TVs displaying in public places to raise customer awareness; – More development in high-end products; †¢ New geographic markets – More product availability and diversity in low price products; – Long term cooperation with dedicated logistic companies or huge wholesalers to reduce the delivery cost (e. g. Amazon); – More localized channels to place and pay orders; – Setup franchisee to provide customer service and support. The End. Thank you!